The result of rapid urbanization, industrialization and over exploitation of limited resources by human done in the name of development has created a number of disastrous consequences. These  disasters appears  sometimes as pollution, sometime as acid rain and now Climate change as the summation of all these  environmental hazards,  producing vast alternation in the environmental and natural  phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to search for the most cost effective mitigation and adaption options of Climate change. To know about these issues, it is necessary to have knowledge of Carbon sequestration as well.

Carbon sequestration is a geoengineering technique of capturing and long term safe storage of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and other forms of carbon emitted from different sources including global energy systems into the biosphere such as the ocean, terrestrial biomass, Soils and geologic formation processes. Carbon sequestration illustrates the long term storage of industrially produced CO₂ or other forms of carbon which ultimately helps either to mitigate or defer global warming avoiding dangerous consequences of climate change. Carbon sequestration is basically done by surface saline aquifers, ocean water, aging oil fields or other forms of carbon sink as forests, soil surface etc.

Global concern about the changing climate and its adverse impacts lead to the agreements to reduce CO₂ emission and also to search and promote the absorber of this gas such as soil and vegetation(called carbon sink) as a part of emission reduction. For this purpose different option has been searched and forestry is found to be the most cost effective mitigating option. Thus, forests as a good carbon sink it is highly prioritized in recent days to mitigate the increasing temperature.

Forests play a very significant role in global carbon sequestration through the process of global carbon cycle. Plants use solar energy to convert atmospheric CO₂, water and nutrients into sugar and carbohydrate which is stored in different part of plants as leaves, twings, stems and root. Likewise, plants also respire releasing CO₂. Plants eventually die releasing their stored carbon into the atmosphere quickly or to the soil where it decomposes slowly and increases soil carbon level. Thus, Forests contain 2 types of carbon pool i.e. Biomass and soil, where the former represents all living trees and plant biomass while later one includes detritus, forest floor, coarse woody debris, soil organic matters and peat land accumulation. They can be both sources and sinks of carbon, depending upon the specific management regime and activities. However it is trusted that the goal of reducing carbon sources and increasing the carbon sink can be achieved efficiently by protecting and conserving the carbon pools existing in the forests. Terrestrial vegetation and soil represents very crucial sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon  with land use change accounting for 24% of net annual anthropogenic emission of GHGs to the atmosphere.

Forests act as sink by increasing aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon content. By converting shrub/pasture lands or degraded forests into good forests, the rate of respiration from plants increases. This leads to sequestration of CO₂ as biomass. IPCC regards only 47% of biomass as carbon. Deforestations contribute more than 18% of the global CO₂ emission, which is more than the total emission coming from the global transportation sectors. However, more than one third of lands covered by forests constitute the major terrestrial carbon pool. Reforestation on barren lands and avoiding deforestation on lands already with forests are therefore important strategies to check land emission levels.