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Air pollution in Bangladesh |
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Air Pollution contamination of the atmosphere caused by the discharge, accidental or deliberate of a good vary of harmful substances. usually the quantity of the discharged substance is comparatively high in an exceedingly bound section, that the harmful effects square measure a lot of noticeable. the key sources of pollution square measure transportation engines, power and warmth generation, industrial processes and therefore the burning of solid waste. a brand new supply of pollution is associate increasing 'hole' within the ozonosphere within the atmosphere higher than Antarctic continent, let alone growing proof of world gas depletion. pollution has additionally long been glorious to own associate adverse impact on personalities, plants, placental mammal and aquatic system through acid precipitation.
Recently as in alternative elements of the globe pollution has received priority among environmentalproblems in Asia. This drawback is acute in Dhaka, the capital of East Pakistan and additionally the hub of business activity. the opposite urban areas like Chittagong, khulna, bogra and rajshahi have a lot of lesserunhealthiness associated with pollution. In urban square measureas generally the homes are designed on rocks and soils, that radiate hot gas from their basement. If this gas is indrawn for a protracted time it shouldcause carcinoma. within the rural areas of East Pakistan, the pollution issues haven't nevertheless becomesome extent of concern. this can be because of fewer motored vehicles and industries there. However, brick kilns and cookery stoves square measure the principal sources of emission in rural areas. In villages wood, coal, and biomass square measure used as sources of energy. Thus, it's seemingly that in those square measureas the principal air contaminants are stuff and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Basically, there square measure 2 major sources of pollution in East Pakistan industrial emissions andconveyance emissions. the economic sources embody brick kilns, plant food factories, sugar, paper, jute and textile mills, spinning mills, tanneries, garment, bread and biscuit factories, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, cement production and process factories, metal workshops, wood dirt from saw mills and dusts from plowed land, and salt particles from ocean waves close to the offshore islands and coastal lands. These sources manufacturemonumental quantity of smokes, fumes, gases and dusts, that produce the condition for the formation of fog andsmogginess. bound industries in East Pakistan, like tanneries at Hazaribag in Dhaka town, emit gas sulfide, ammonia, chlorine, and a few alternative odorous chemicals that square measure toxic and cause irritation and public complaints. this might cause headache and alternative health issues. With inflated rate of urbanisation within the country, the amount of vehicles is additionally increasing apace, and conducive to a lot of and a lot of pollution. The Department of setting (DOE), and alternativeconnected organisations, have known the two-stroke engines employed in autorickshaws (baby-taxies), tempos, mini-trucks, and motorcycles as major polluters. At present, there square measure regarding sixty five,000 baby-taxies among them quite 296,000 cars ply in Dhaka town alone. Moreover, overloaded, poorly maintained and really recent trucks and mini-buses are plying town streets emitting smokes and gases. actually regardingninetieth of the vehicles that ply Dhaka's streets daily square measure faulty, and emit smoke way exceptionalthe prescribed limit. Diesel vehicles emit black smoke, that contain turn fine carbon particles. The two-stroke engines square measure currently discouraged in East Pakistan as a result of their pollution hazard. visible of the intense automobile pollution baby-faced within the metropolis, associate initiative wasinfatuated United Nations agency support to introduce massive buses within the town and discourage the ply?ing of little vehicles, together with baby-taxis. The introduction of cool town utility is associate outcome of that initiative. Sophisticated instrumentality is currently being employed to notice air polluters in East Pakistan. As such, four observation stations square measure originated at four divisional cities, namely, Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, and Bogra. In Dhaka the locations of conveyance emission take a look at square measure at Tejgaon, Farmgate, Manik Mia Avenue, Gulshan, Lalmatia, and Agargaon. East Pakistan university of engineering and technology (BUET) has additionally been conducting close air quality surveys since 1995. The air quality standards square measure completely different for residential, industrial, commercial, and sensitive areas. The worst affected areas in Dhaka town include: Hatkhola, Manik Mia Avenue, Tejgaon, Farmgate, Motijheel, Lalmatia, and Mohakhali. Surveys conducted between January 1990 and December 1999 showed that the concentration of suspended particles goes up to as high as three,000 micrograms per cubic metre (Police Box, Farmgate, December 1999), though the allowable limit is four hundred micrograms per cubic metre. The sulfur dioxide within the air close to Farmgate was found to be 385 micrograms per cubic metre, wherever because the most permissible limit is a hundred micrograms per cubic metre. Similarly, within the Tejgaon Industrialspace the most concentration of suspended particles was one,849 micrograms per cubic metre (January 1997), ashostile the allowable limit of five hundred micrograms per cubic metre. sometimes the most concentration ofpollution in Dhaka is throughout the dry months of December to March. The {bangladesh|Bangladesh|People's Republic of East Pakistan|Bangla Desh|East Pakistan|Asian country|Asian nation} energy commission (BAEC) and therefore the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial analysis(BCSIR), unitedly with the DOE, recently assessed the concentration of lead within the close air. The Dhakashishu hospital in association with the BAEC additionally calculable the amount of lead within the blood of kids of Dhaka town and therefore the doable impact of gasoline on them. The East Pakistan Road Transport Authority (BRTA) is additionally fitting a vehicle emission observation station at Mirpur, Dhaka. Prior to introduction of gasoline, BAEC rumored that the air that town dwellers breathe on the roads contains lead in concentrations nearly 10 times higher than the govt safety normal set by the DOE. The air of Dhaka townholds 463 nanograms per cubic metre of lead - the best within the world. From Nov ninety six to March ninety seven the lead levels in 3 completely different spaces of Dhaka town were 123-252 nanograms per cubic metreat Farmgate space and sixty one to seventy six nanograms per cubic metre in Tejgaon Industrial area. The saturnism produces neuro-developmental disorders in kids. regarding fifty a lot of lead is emitted within the Dhaka air annually and therefore the emission reaches its highest level within the time of year from Novto January. saturnism has been detected recently in kids at the Shishu Bikash Kendro (Child Development Centre) of Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Lead concentrations, measured around 80-micrograms/dl-to180 micrograms/dl within the tested children's blood, is 7-16 times quite the appropriate limit. The safe concentration advocated by theU.S. Centre for malady management and interference is ten micrograms/dl. individuals living in urban slums have a big rise in mean blood lead levels, compared to those living in urban middle-income or rural areas. the eventof lead pollution might additionally have an effect on the central systema nervosum, cause urinary organinjury and high blood pressure. Excessive lead within the blood of kids might damage-their brain andexcretory organ. kids square measure thrice a lot of in danger than adults square measure by exposure to steer poisoning. In Dhaka town the mean blood lead level of jinrikisha pullers is 248 micrograms/dl (range 154-344 micrograms/dl), baby-taxi drivers 287 micrograms/dl, traffic police 272 micrograms/dl (range 152-32 micrograms/dl), tempo assistants 255 micrograms/dl, and gasoline pump operators 249 micrograms/dl (range 207-342 micrograms/dl). The mean blood lead level among these risk teams is found to be beyond the appropriate worth, with traffic police being the worst affected cluster. The blood lead levels sometimes inflated with length of exposure. During Gregorian calendar month 1999 the govt of East Pakistan (GOB) dead the choice to supply solelygasoline within the country. consistent with recent measurements between late 1999 and 2000 by BAEC andjapanese works restricted (ERL) the hydrocarbon distributed at pumps in East Pakistan is currently allfreed from lead. It has been found that Dhaka town has VOC on the far side tolerable limits, a number of that cause cancer. Emissions from two-stroke auto-rickshaws in Dhaka were found to contain four to seven times the mostpermissible level of VOC. Dust pollution is inflicting several metastasis diseases, together with asthma attack. Recently, two hundredorganic compounds square measure detected by analyzing four air samples collected from the Shewrapara space of town. As way because the VOC worries the subsequent worst affected square measureas are identified: Hatkhola, Manik Mian Avenue, Tejgaon, Farm Gate, Motijheel, Lalmatia, and therefore the inter-district bus terminals. Surveys conducted between December 1996 and June 1997 showed that the concentration of suspended particles goes up to as high as two,465 micrograms per metric capacity unit as against the allowable limit of four hundred micrograms per metric capacity unit at Farm Gate. In Tejgaon Industrial space, on the opposite hand,the most con?centration of suspended particles was 630 micrograms as against the allowable limit of five hundredmicrograms per metric capacity unit. Mine pollution a significant issue of concern in East Pakistan. dirt and mine gases produce issues for coalmine. fortuitously barapukuria coal of dinajpur district has insignificant gas content, therefore, within themethod of mining of coal the danger of methane series emission and methane series gas connected hazardssquare measure thought of to be insignificant. because the Barapukuria coal are going to be strip-minedautomatically, vast coal dirts would be generated however correct mitigation measures if taken coal dust might be controlled. vast dusts also will be generated within the Maddhyapara hardrock mine in Dinajpur district,because of frequent movements of serious vehicles along with needed loading and unloading operations. The gases fashioned by the combustion of coal, fuel and lubricants within the mine each at the surface and underground grime the close air. Dusts generated from coal and hardrocks particularly throughout cutting, blasting, fucking and transportation within the mines square measure usually the explanation for concern for the miners and for the encircling localities. Government selections recently the Ministry of Energy and natural resource (MEMR) has taken necessaryselections, that square measure as follows (i) the minimum normal of grease for two-?stroke engine ought tobe APITC or JASOEB and (ii) selling of straight oil ought to stop now. In 1985-86 the East Pakistan crude corporation started a project to use compressed gas (CNG) in vehicles rather than hydrocarbon. the first !--object--ive was to scale back conveyance emissions, as combustion of CNG produces less pollution than hydrocarbon. the globe Bank given Bangladeshi monetary unit 225 million to initiate the project. to this point knowledge on the amount of vehicles reborn to CNG from 1985 to 1997 square measure as follows: 1985-86 reborn vehicles 2 1988-89 reborn vehicles 19 1989-90 reborn vehicles 9 1990-91reborn vehicles 6 1991-92 reborn vehicles 10 1992-93 reborn vehicles 16 1993-94 reborn vehicles 3 1995-96 rebornvehicles thirteen and 1996-97 reborn vehicles eighty six. personal sector participation in mistreatment CNG for taxicabs is important. At the start of 2002 the govt has started promotional campaign and acceptable push to thehouse owners of autorickshaws to use CNG so as to scale back conveyance emissions. Pollution policy the primary regulation associated with setting in East Pakistan was the mill Act of 1965, thatwas followed by the earliest recorded environmental protection act, called the 'Water Pollution managementOrdinance, 1970'. However, these ordinances don't embody pollution issues. bit by bit these ordinances werechanged and therefore the Environmental Pollution management Ordinance (EPC), 1977, was publicised. Itcontrolled pollution of air, surface water and groundwater, and soil by discharge of liquid, gaseous, solid, hot, oralternative substances. though the order passed underneath the EPC 1977 was wrongfully in situ, implementation of environmental laws ne'er came about. Following fast industrialization the environmental state of affairs in East Pakistan modified dramatically. The Ministry of setting and Forest and therefore the Department of setting were created in 1989 and therefore thesetting Policy of 1992 was introduced. Further, the Environmental Conservation Act, 1995, and therefore thesetting Conservation Rules, 1997, were approved by the East Pakistan National Assembly to limit and mitigate ever-growing environmental issues within the country |
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20 Comments
Thank you for sharing.
Posted 29-08-2013 19:07
Thanks for this very informative article.
Posted 17-03-2013 23:20
Air pollution is one of the most dangerous issue in Bangladesh.
But now most of the transports became CNG & that's a good point.
Posted 27-02-2013 02:26
Nice article
Posted 27-02-2013 00:47
Very sad to know that Bangladesh is air polluted....
Posted 26-02-2013 15:18
Sad
Posted 26-02-2013 15:03
neha my short article get already short listed and get warnings....but i love to write things short....so, i have to choose this you know....for others thanks for the comments...i really approciate it
Posted 26-02-2013 13:47
Thanks for the report. Hope in Bangladesh EURO - IV engines are running.
Posted 26-02-2013 13:11
Thanks for sharing the details report on Initiative taken by Bangladesh.
Posted 26-02-2013 11:36
Thanks Md. Saidur ta make us being around on this situation of Bangladesh.
Posted 26-02-2013 06:41
Good Article
Posted 26-02-2013 02:06
long but worth reading, thanks for sharing
you must have done very hard work in writing this
Posted 26-02-2013 01:47
Hello Saidur, To make it understandable, I believe you should aim for half the size of what you have written and also include paragraph titles so we can read titles and bullet points. Thanks for the report
Posted 26-02-2013 01:10
Thanks for sharing this.
Posted 26-02-2013 00:44
Thnx 4 the report...
Posted 26-02-2013 00:28
Nice 1 ..
Posted 26-02-2013 00:27
I have felt that way before Rahman.. It is true that some of just praise each other.. I should try to fix that habit and post some comments along with my ideas. Thanks for the advice!
Posted 25-02-2013 23:54
its a long but a good article, two stroke engines are outdated and should be replaces to ensure air quality.also in mega cities efficient public transportation might be another measure......nice one thank you for sharing..
Posted 25-02-2013 23:48
nice article
Posted 25-02-2013 23:38
I generally try to avoid long essays as there are high potentiality of plagiarism. However, I tried my best to avoid those issues. And guys please help to improve ourselves. we always just praise each other. But after getting warning from authority for short report i wrote this. I think the complain should come from us first then the authority. And sorry for my thing. Waiting to learn from all of you including authority. Thanks.
Posted 25-02-2013 23:32