Colombia is currently experiencing an atmosphere of expectation according to the peace process with the FARC. The government and armed groups after years of wars have decided to end the conflict and take a step to the long awaited peace. From this, there have been many questions about what will happen in the country after the war and especially what will happen to natural resources after this. In the 50's in Colombia there were about 69,000 hectares of forest, this being approximately 72% of the country. Data for 2011 show that of those 69,000 hectares of forests are only 11,000 hectares in Colombia, the industrial and economic development are partly responsible for this problem. The incorporation of heavy machinery for agriculture has increased the pressure on land use and contributed to the need to cut down thousands of hectares of forests to ensure demand for national and international food, not to mention the environmental problems that bring growth mining in the country.

In 1961 it was established the country's agrarian reform that is "based on the principle of the common good and the natural right to property, harmonizing in its conservation and use with the public interest" Law 135/61. Despite this goal, this law was not launched in the country. The inefficiency of the state before the law was the base for the beginning of the armed groups in Colombia. Non fulfillment of the law caused that the rights of farmers were violated since the land that they were not handled if large landowners who over-exploited the land and peasants. After some years the armed groups changed his target and began to violate the human rights of the population in rural areas, thus starting the war in Colombia.

In negotiating tables FARC proposed several issues that are rooted in agrarian reform that was never fulfilled. From this they try to return the rights to the peasants of their land and promote sustainable rural development.

The Colombian Amazon and the Colombian Pacific, are among the few places that still have forest areas due to war, as is the refuge of hundreds of guerrillas, but after the war could be exposed because they will not have any protection. After the war there was no limit on the granting of mining licenses that threaten not only biological but also ethnic diversity as these areas are home to indigenous communities, which are part of the cultural heritage of the country. On the other hand increased areas for agriculture and livestock after negotiations with armed groups still help you lose more acres of forest in Colombia.

To ensure environmental protection after this conflict is necessary to create policies that ensure the protection of Colombian ecosystems, strategies that must be included in the peace dialogue, that are intended to rethink the direction of national development based on economic growth to a sustainable development that incorporates environmental, social and economic. Prioritizing conservation areas remaining forests on mining and economic development of the country.