Nepal being an agrarian country with 65% of total population involved in this profession. Majority of the factors affects the production of crops out of which one of them is Climate change. So to inhance the productivity in spite of climate change a new concept has been developed called Climate Smart Agriculture. Climate smart Agriculture may be defined as an approach for changing and reorienting developmental activities under the realities of the alarming climate change, it is a way to rack up both long term as well as short term in the face of climate change. Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nation(FAO) defines CSA as “Agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience, reduce green house gas emissions where possible and enhances the national food security and developmental goals’’. Here in this definition, the principle goal of CSA is identified as food security and development while productivity, adaptation and mitigation are most important inter linked pillar to achieve this goal. IT approaches to sustainably increase in the agricultural productions and incomes in order to meet national food security and developmental goals, build the resilience and ability of agriculture and food system to cope up with the changing climate as well as to reduce the emission of the green house gases and to increase the carbon sequestration. This three points i.e food security, sustainable agriculture production and mitigation are the triple win of CSA.   

Some of the key characteristics Of CSA:

Genuinely CSA produces and emphasize on triple win outcome i.e productivity increasement, enhanced resilience , and reduce emissions. But often we can’t achieve all three at once as when it comes to implementation trade off must be made where we have to identify synergies, evaluate the benefits and costs of opinion based on stakeholders objectives identified through participatory approaches. In order to achieve food security goals and enhance resilience CSA approaches must involve the poorest and the vulnerable groups. CSA strives to includes all local bodies, regional and national stakeholders in decision makings, only by doing so it will be possible to identify most appropriate interventions and form the partnership and alliances needed to enable sustainable development. Contrary to the conventional Agricultural development, CSA integrates the alarming climate change into planning and develop sustainable agricultural system. Any thing that is Climate smart may not be same in another region i.e CSA practice is unique and specific, how the different elements and intervention interacts differently at specific landscapes.

CSA in the context of Nepal;

IFPRI( International Food Policy Research Institute) has estimated that that the global hunger index of Nepal in the year 2017 was 22.2 and ranked 72^nd out of 119 countries on the GHI which shows that Nepal is on the threat and serious food security problems. Nepalese Agriculture shares 33% of national GDP but is unable to march ahead due to various constraint like technological problems, soil degradation, unfavorable climatic conditions and abnormalities. Nepal Shares 0.027% on global greenhouse emission but considered as the 4^th vulnerable countries at climate change. As per the IPCC, agriculture contributes 14% green house gas emission after energy I.e 35% which consists of methane, nitrous oxides which are the major GHGs that make up 65% of agricultural emission globally. Due to various human activities there is the alternation in the climatic pattern and the rainfall pattern. Still the majority of the farmers are unknown about the suitability of different production methods under the changed climatic conditions. It is believed that the production of major food crops is likely to reduce drastically in the coming days making the present scenario dreadful beyond the expectations. FAO believes CSA as an integrative approach to addressing the challenges of food security and the climate change.

Implementation Of CSA practices In Nepal;

In the context of developing countries like ours Nepal, production, processing, and marketing of agricultural commodities play an important role in food security and achieving economic growth. Agriculture production should be enhanced in the path of higher productivity and most stable state in the face of the inhanced risk of the climatic risk. This can only be achieved and possible when the production systems are more resilience, robust and highly effective in utilizing locally available inputs and productions resources.