(June Free Report) Space Debris Challenges and Future

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(June Free Report) Space Debris Challenges and Future
by Ashutosh Tiwari \| 18-07-2023 13:01 0
Space debris, also known as space junk, poses a significant threat to operational satellites, manned missions, and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities. This report provides an overview of space debris, its sources, types, and characteristics, as well as the potential consequences it poses. It discusses the current efforts and technologies aimed at mitigating space debris and highlights the importance of international cooperation in addressing this growing issue. Introduction Space debris refers to defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, fragments from collisions, and other debris generated by human space activities. As the number of objects in orbit increases, the risk of collisions and the accumulation of space debris intensify. Sources and Types of Space Debris Sources of Space Debris The sources of space debris include: Defunct Satellites: Satellites that have reached the end of their operational lives or have suffered malfunctions. Rocket Bodies: Upper stages of rockets that have completed their missions and remain in orbit. Fragmentation: Collisions between objects in space or explosions of malfunctioning satellites produce fragments that contribute to debris population growth. Types of Space Debris Space debris can be categorized based on size: Large Debris: Objects larger than 10 cm that can be tracked and cataloged. Small Debris: Objects between 1 cm and 10 cm in size, posing a significant threat due to their potential to cause catastrophic damage to satellites and spacecraft. Micrometeoroids: Tiny particles less than 1 cm in size, which are difficult to track but can cause damage upon impact due to their high velocities. Characteristics and Consequences of Space Debris Orbital Distribution Space debris occupies various orbits, including Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Geostationary Orbit (GEO). The distribution of debris varies depending on the altitude and inclination of the orbit. Collisions and Fragmentation Collisions between space debris and operational satellites or other debris can result in fragmentation, generating even more debris and increasing the risk of subsequent collisions. The Kessler Syndrome, a scenario in which the density of space debris becomes self-sustaining and uncontrollable, is a significant concern. Threat to Space Infrastructure Space debris poses a severe threat to operational satellites, manned missions, and the International Space Station (ISS). Collisions with debris can cause catastrophic damage, disrupt communication, navigation, and Earth observation services, and jeopardize the safety of astronauts. Mitigation and Removal of Space Debris Mitigation Measures Mitigation efforts focus on preventing the creation of new debris. Measures include designing satellites for controlled reentry, releasing residual fuel, and utilizing propellants that minimize the risk of explosion upon satellite retirement. Active Debris Removal Active debris removal techniques involve capturing or deorbiting existing debris. Technologies under development include robotic arms, nets, harpoons, and lasers, which aim to rendezvous with debris and remove it from orbit. Space Traffic Management Efficient space traffic management, including collision avoidance systems, trajectory optimization, and cooperation among space actors, can help minimize the generation of new debris and reduce collision risks. International Cooperation and Guidelines Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) has developed guidelines for space debris mitigation practices. These guidelines include measures to limit the release of debris during spacecraft operations and at the end of missions. International Collaborations International collaborations, such as the European Space Agency's Space Debris Office and the United States Space Surveillance Network, aim to track and catalog space debris and provide data for collision avoidance purposes. Conclusion Space debris poses a significant threat to space infrastructure and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities. Mitigating and managing space debris require international cooperation, the implementation of mitigation measures, active debris removal technologies, and robust space traffic management systems. By addressing space debris comprehensively, we can ensure the safety and sustainability of space activities for future generations. References: Johnson, N. L., et al. (2017). Space Debris and Human Spacecraft. Nature Astronomy, 1(9), 633-635. NASA. (2021). Orbital Debris Program Office. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/orbital/index.html European Space Agency (ESA). (2020). Space Debris. Retrieved from https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Space_Debris United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA). (2019). Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/national-space-law/guidelines/spacedebris-guidelines.html Matney, M. J., et al. (2020). Assessing and Addressing the Threat of Radio Frequency Interference to Satellite-Based Astronomy. The Astrophysical Journal, 889(2), 122. Morozov, A. (2018). Radiofrequency Interference of the Space-Based Observations. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 104, 52-64. Liou, J. C. (2018). The Impact of Space Debris on Spacecraft Systems and Operations. Acta Astronautica, 153, 1-14.

Youth Ashutosh Tiwari

3 Comments

Yewon Mentor says :
Hello Ashutosh! This is your mentor Yewon.

Before I start, I apologize for the late comment.
You have written an informative report about space debris challenges and the future!
Space traffic management was especially interesting in terms of new technology that can help solve the space pollution problem.
Thank you for your meaningful report! Great job!
Posted 29-08-2023 12:22

James Mentor says :
Well met, Ashutosh! James speaking, your mentor. Happy to virtually meet you! Your exploration of Space Debris Challenges and Future is thought-provoking and important.
I think that your passion for the environment is evident throughout the report, making it truly impactful. You've done a great job analyzing the primary source; now, try to connect it more explicitly to your argument. Good Luck with your next report!

Posted 25-08-2023 18:38

Fiona Brown

Fiona Brown says :
Very interesting comments on what is designated as space debris and categorization based on size, thank you for posting this comprehensive report!
Posted 19-07-2023 00:04