Earthquakes once occur of high magnitude can cause serious losses to humanity. It can cause a landslide, flood which even more affects the economic status of a country. Earthquakes are caused by a release of energy that generates seismic waves which travel in all directions causing shaking of the earth's surface. Most of the earthquakes occur along the edge of oceanic and continental plates which is called as tectonic plates (lithospheric plate).

Earth is composed of four distinct layers; from deepest to shallowest they are classified as the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.

1.    Inner core: Solid metal ball in shape, the inner core has a radius of 1,220 kilometers. It is located about 6,400 to 5,180 kilometers beneath Earth’s surface. It is mostly made up of iron and nickel. Temperature and pressure here are extreme, temperature is about 5,400 degrees Celsius and pressure is around 3.6 million atmospheres (atm). It is called a central layer.

2.    Outer core: It is a fluid layer that is made up of iron and nickel. It is located about 5,180 to 2,900 kilometers beneath Earth's surface. It generates Earth’s magnetic field.

3.    Mantle: It is the thickest layer of Earth. It is made up of iron, magnesium, silicon, is dense hot, and semi-solid (like caramel candy). It is located around 2,800 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. It is subdivided into two layers: upper mantle and lower mantle. Together uppermost part of the mantle layer and crust is called the lithosphere.

4.    Crust: It highly varies in thickness and is like a shell of a hardboiled egg. It is made up of light elements such as oxygen, silica, and aluminum. This layer is thin, brittle, and cold in comparison to what lies below it. There are many broken pieces made of Earth’s crust or lithosphere is known as tectonic plates. These plates move about 10 to 20 cm per year and the movement cause earthquake.