Transgenic crops are crops that have been genetically engineered, a

breeding approach that used as a  recombinant DNA techniques to create crops with new characteristics.They are identified as a class of genetically modified organism (GMO) as well because they contain foreign material. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as recombinant DNA technology. It mainly describes the basis of genetic modification and some brief history of technology and its policies surrounding it. In another word it can be also called as genetically modified crop (GM crops). The overview of genetically modified crops, its characteristics and its market value are briefly discussed below in this article. The economic, legal and management concern associated with these transgenic crops for sustainable agriculture for the benefits of farmers are also included in this article. The quantifiable facts surrounding the GM crops seem to be fewer disputes than other growing number of other implications.

  There are not many transgenic crops that haven?t been established yet. There isn?t any new capacities brought about the transgenic crops in the particular reveal due to the general lack of research into it?s many application, For instance in 2001, the Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy (ESCOP) and the Extension Committee on Organization and Policy (ECOP) published a report on critical issues in agricultural biotechnology and recommended responses. While in case of calling for education of public in regard to transgenic technologies, the report also called for land grant research on transgenic crops  has been producing the different types of transgenic crops and the major transgenic crops that have been produced through out the world are soybean, maize(corn), cotton,squah, papaya, rice, etc.

 As per the Dictionary definition, transgenic crops is the genetic makeup of organism and producing unique individual or traits that are not easily obtained through conventional breeding technique also the DNA recombinant technology, Agriculture is one of the first industries radially affected by this new technology on both the fundamental production level and a legal level. The product of transgenetic engineering are often called GMOs. All these terms refers to the methods by which the biologist slice some genes from one species of DNA from one crop plant and transfer that genes into the desirable genetic triats. This is called DNA recombinant technology

Genes are segments of DNA that contain information that in part determines the end function of a living organism. Genetic engineers manipulate DNA, typically by taking genes from one species—an animal, plant, bacterium, or virus—and inserting them into another specie, such as an agricultural crop plant.                                                                           An intermediate organism or virus can be used to ?infect? the host DNA with the desired genetic material.Microparticle bombardment technology is also widely used to deliver exogenous nucleic acids (DNA from another species) into plant cells. The desired genetic material is precipitated onto micron-sized metal particles and placed within one of a variety of devices designed to accelerate these ?micro carriers? to velocities required to penetrate the plant cell wall. In this manner, transgenic can be delivered into the cell?s genome. New DNA canals are inserted into a host cell using electroporation, in which a jolt of electricity is applied to cells to create openings in the plasma membrane

that surrounds a cell. (typically antibiotic-resistant) marker genies included in the package to verify degree of effectiveness in introducing the foreign DNA. 

   Recently, N. Chandrasekhara Rao of the Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad, and S. Mahendra Dev of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices of the Union Agriculture Ministry, carried out a similar study on the economic impact of the adoption of Bt cotton in four districts of Andhra Pradesh – one each from four agro-climatic zones – using a stratified random sampling technique and came to the following conclusions: There was a 42 per cent increase in yield after the adoption of Bt cotton in 2006-07 for the non-adopters of 2004-05. The adoption reduced the use of chemical insecticides to an extent of 56 per cent compared with 18 per cent in 2004-05. This, the authors point out, was the result of increased awareness among the farmers compared with the initial stages of adoption when they were found to be spraying large quantities of insecticides out of anxiety. The farmers gained an average farm business income (FBI) of about Rs.23,712/ha.                                                    With cotton farmers switching to BT technology in increasing numbers, given the evident economic benefits from its adoption, the controversies around Bt cotton, evident in the initial years of its introduction, have now largely subsided. While in terms of technology, Bt brinjal is the same – in fact, a great deal easier for implanting the Bt gene, according to Bt brinjal developers – it would be the first GM food crop in India meant for consumption by people, cooked or otherwise. The issues with regard to health effects and biosafety of such GM food on humans are well understood and protocols of the necessary biosafety tests for full-risk assessment are well-evolved. But being an edible GM crop, there are new concerns and new misconceptions about the technology. It has understandably raised a debate and controversy in the country in spite of the widespread consumption of GM food crops over the last decade and more in other parts of the world. Countries such as Bangladesh and Indonesia were waiting for the Indian decision on Bt brinjal to follow suit.