Weather and climate themselves have been constantly changing throwing new challenges in utilizing/harnessing the natural resources towards achieving sustainable nature. The main cause of the climate change is the emission of Green House Gases (GHGs) excessively than required amount and to adapt with and to mitigate its impacts, the reduction of GHGs emission must be reduced and which is possible from the observation and data obtained from the agrometeorological researches. Over one billion people around the world are undernourished because they lack easy and consistent access to affordable food. Climate change is already affecting all four dimensions of food security: food availability, food accessibility, food utilization and food systems stability. The impacts are both short-term, through more extreme weather events, and longterm through changing temperatures and precipitation patterns.

Rural communities and livelihoods face immediate risk of increased crop failure, loss of livestock, and reduced availability of marine, aquaculture and forest products and new patterns of pests and diseases outbreak. People living in fragile ecosystems such as coasts, floodplains, mountain areas and semi-arid landscapes are most at risk. Agriculture, forestry and land use can also contribute to climate change mitigation through reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration. FAO promotes integration of adaptation and mitigation into food security efforts. However, true progress will require comprehensive approaches, close cooperation, synergy and coordination among the policy planners, institutions and local communities.

Adaptation and mitigation strategies should contribute to poverty reduction and at the same time must benefit the most vulnerable communities without harming the environment. Informing about climate change impacts, vulnerability patterns, coping and adaptive capacity as well as facilitating location specific adaptation and mitigation practices are of central concern. The international climate effort has focused predominantly on mitigation reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to prevent dangerous climate change.

The next stage of the international effort must deal squarely with adaptation coping with those impacts that cannot be avoided. This is both a matter of need, as climate change is now underway, and a matter of equity, as its impacts fall disproportionately on those least able to bear them. It also may be a condition for further progress on mitigation. Ambitious mitigation efforts can lessen, but not prevent, future climate change. With higher concentrations of GHG will come further rises in temperatures and sea level, changes in precipitation, and more extreme weather.

The early impacts of climate change already are being felt worldwide. Future impacts will affect a broad array of human and natural systems, with consequences for human health, food and fiber production, water supplies, and many other areas vital to economic and social well being. While certain impacts may in the nearer term prove beneficial to some, in the long term, the effects will be largely detrimental. Anticipating and adapting to these impacts in order to minimize their human and environmental toll is a significant challenge for all nations. Mitigation, it requires action at multiple levels, from the local to the international, within both public and private spheres.