Traditional/indigenous Forest management systems have been practiced in Nepal since ancient time,particularly in the hills. And these systems are operational under differnt institutional arrangements at different times and locations. Some of the indigenous institutions are as follows:-
1)  Talukdar- During the period of Rana rule(Before 1950 A.D.) many hill forests were under the responsibility of Talukdar.
2) Kipat - Kipat was a form of land tenure in land was regarded as the common property of the local ethnic group and was managed within the ethnic groups organization.The 'Kirats' of the Eastern hills were the biggest Kipat owning community in Nepal.Under this system,the whole land,irrespective of it's use was owned by the community.Individuals who cultivated lands in their capacity as members of Kipat owning ethnic groups owned allegiance primarily to the community not to the state.Thus,the whole land,includinh forests was managed for the benefit of local community.
This form of ownership persists in the local community of forest management by "Sherpa" community of Solukhumbu region and "Jirel" community of Jiri.
3) Guthi -It is the social,cultural and religious institution of Newar communitythat is responsible for managing revenue of land of religious,charitable purposes and upkeep of temples and monasteries.
4) Rodhim :- It is a social and cultural institution that organizes labour to protect the physical environment and manages community resources among gurungs in Western Nepal.
5) Choho :- It is the institution of Tamang communities in the central mahabhart Range.
6) Mirtchang:- It is the institution of marphalis in the western region of Nepal.
   Also in Sherpa communities  of Solukhumbu region,forest gurads known as "Singa naua" regulate access and forest use.His responsibility includes to preserve forests and pasture lands.he is mandated by village assembly.