On August 2013, Indonesia confronted an annual smog problem attacking Singapore and Malaysia. It was brought about by slash-and-burn method. The method was forbidden by the government of Indonesia because this setting was illegal by considering negative impacts to the environment.

Slash-and burn was set deliberately by irresponsible stakeholders who wanted to expand the area for palm oils. In other hand, the above have been used to convert forest land into agricultural land for thousands of years.

Some of researchers said that widespread, illegal burning to clear  tropical forests and peatlands for palm oil and pulp and paper plantation expansion is a yearly ritual in Sumatra. As the result, the occurring of hazardous smog polluted air in the neighbor countries of Indonesia such as Malaysia and Singapore. Even, the threshold of index pollution over 400 will threaten life.

Who are the most responsible  to the above case even reversing ? Based on the report of CIFOR HQ – Centre for International Forestry Research in Bogor, Indonesia, there are three stakeholders who are responsible in changing land use by fire. They are oil palm companies, industrial timber plantations, smallholders.

So, from the explanation, what should we do to mitigate illegal fire set if politically, foremost and authorized people of Indonesia government are behind of it?