Over the past years the climate in regions throughout the country has changed significantly indicating that by the end of the century, average temperatures are projected to increase between 1.90C and 3.60C, while sea level is projected to rise between 65 cm to one meter, experts say.The current capability of Tanzania to adapt to climate change is severely limited. This work underlines the urgency of a meaningful and binding global agreement to curb Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to minimize future climate change.Despite the fact that Africa and Tanzania has contributed less in the global warming, it is and will be affected severely. No wonder Tanzania and the continent at large have a role to play in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.Climatic change experts have made it clear that the continent has to focus mainly on adaptation issues, highlighting that in effort to address such challenges, the countries must allocate extensive financial capitals, ensures information systems, technology capacity and proper policies.Prof Pius Yanda, the Director of the Centre for Climatic Change Studies at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) said as part of academicians? contribution to address impacts resulting from climatic change the centre will this year host the first ever African Climate Conference (ACC2013) to bring together experts and key players (policy makers) to deliberate and discuss the way-outs.Prof Yanda says following impacts ranging from poor agro yields, increased temperature, and sea level, limited fishing catchments, endless lad disputes between farmers and pastoralists on wetlands in the country was a critical lesson that called for urgent interventions by stakeholders.This conference intends to drew 1000 participants across the globe and it is expected the President Jakaya Kikwete to preside over the opening of the event in Arusha mid-this month.While a report on climate change vulnerability and adaptation preparedness in Tanzania which was published in 2010 recommends the government to be supported to develop a new National Climate Change Policy and Strategy, discussions are still underway to get such strategy and action plan.The ACC2013, which is organized under the auspices of the World Climatic Research Programme (WCRP) and the African Climatic Policy Centre (ACPC), set to define and drive an African agenda for future climatic research that will inform adaptation decisions for the next few decades, he said.The climate change response in Tanzania represents an opportunity to undertake much needed targeted research and advocacy on the systemic problems and contextual solutions to the ?implementation gap? between government policy and action on the ground – a problem which Tanzania shares with many countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Such work can provide innovative thinking about how existing institutional arrangements and architectures – for example in environmental protection, agricultural extension, land planning, natural and water resource management and disaster risk management – which will play a major role in building resilience can be better supported to deliver – particularly for poor communities, Dr. Nick Hepworth of LTS Africa on behalf of the Kenyan based Heinrich Boll Foundation said in reports.October this year, two back-to-back conferences will be held in Africa, setting up a unique opportunity for scientists, policymakers and other stakeholders to strengthen the ability of African climate science to support regional climate resilience and adaptation policies and decisions.The African conference to be held in Arusha Tanzania together with the third conference on Climate Change and Development in Africa (CCDA–III) to take place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia will enhance collaboration amongst climate scientists, match scientific priorities to key climate and development challenges, and forge enduring links between scientists and policymakers. Likewise a report released mid this year titled ?Climate, Food, Trade Where is the Policy Nexus?? spotlighted that the structural weaknesses in the Tanzanian policy and institutional landscape had implications on efficiency to address climate change challenges.The report produced by a team of experts and commissioned by the Economic and Research Foundation (ESRF) and CUTS International, Geneva under a project that promotes a more integrated policy framework on issues of food security, climate change and trade in the East African Community warned however that the negative effects of climate change manifested in the form of droughts and floods are a real threat to livelihoods.The authors disclosed the sharp declines in agricultural output, reduced productivity and loss of employment, as well as losses associated with decline in rural income which have threatened food security in the country.?For Tanzania to secure its economic and social well-being in the face of climate change, policy makers and all relevant stakeholders will be required to coordinate their efforts through multi-sectoral responses that create synergies between each other?, the report tells.To better understand future impacts, policymakers need to better understand vulnerability to current climate events. This will require enhancing ground-based observation networks, which still need significant improvement in Africa. Better databases are also needed on crop yields, river flows, health related matters admissions and other socioeconomic variables, urged Prof Yanda.He added,?Because African institutions are closer to the continent?s end-users of climate information, they need greater capacity for generating information relevant to the regional, national and local levels. Capacity building, dialogue and networking are essential to making greater progress on some of these complex challenges.