Climate change is the most challenging threat to forest ecosystems as forests are more sensitive to climate. Climate change affects the forest ecosystems by increasing forest fires, Dispersal of invasive species. Climate change affects the forest directly by reducing the production of specific plant species. and indirectly by influencing forest fires. Reduction in local species of the forest by dispersal of invasive species. Forest supplies a wide extend of benefits and services to human beings and other species by providing water and fresh air, timber, fuelwood, and paper production, biodiversity preservation, tourism, and recreational activities, mushrooms, and berries, medicinal plants. A large number of wild animals are depending on the forest for their survival. Forest is an important source of income generation for forest-dependent individuals.

Due to climate change, Reduction in local species of the forest by dispersal of invasive species. tree species are shifted from their existing place to the new place where they can survive. Climate change can make the unused environment for tree species and make existing places unacceptable. Due to the migration of tree species, there might go extinct, particularly those with little range. Loss of biodiversity, reduction in the growth rate of species, damage of forest structure climate change is contributing to wildfires by making hotter temperatures, dry vegetation, and drought. which contributes to disturbance of wildlife habitat, composition, and function of forest ecosystems Due to extreme drought and wildfires trees have less vitality to guard themselves and are harmed by insects, viruses, and bacteria. strong wind can damage tree species by breaking and bending branches, loss of crown, and damaging the structure of tree species which can contribute the massive loss to forestry  

To reduce the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems there is a requirement for alternative practices to reduce the vulnerability of forest ecosystems, planting genetically endurable tree species recognized through breeding programs. Sustainable management of forest ecosystems to improve forest structure, afforestation programs are also effective ways to cope with the increasing effects of climate change.