In the 21st century, the era of extreme weather, one of the major defining challenges is climate change. There is growing evidence that world is locked in to warming close to 1.5 above pre-industrial level up from 0.8 warming today and the Earthian are confronting of the menace of such global rising of degrees which led to severe changes in climate.

The world population now at 7.4 billion and may increase up to 9.2 billion by 2050. No doubt, such population growth and their foot-print in this earth have resulted in an increasing rate of greenhouse gas emission. Recent studies show that humans have emitted a total of 500 gigatonnes carbon up to date. Climate scientists predicted that if this emission continues business as usual and no action is taken to slash carbon emissions, it is estimated average surface temperature could rise between 2and 6 by the end of the 21st century.

There is a little tragicomedy among the climate activism about their shifting of goalposts. Ten years ago we heard that we had ten years to take action needed to prevent global temperatures rising from more than 2 degree Celsius in this century. Today we hear, from the very same activists, that we still have ten years. In reality, our actions now would need to be even more drastic than they would have ten years ago, because further gigatons of carbon have accumulated in the atmosphere. At the rate we are going, we will use up our entire emissions allowance for the century before we are even halfway through it. Nothing can stop if this continues and earth will shift towards 2 degree Celsius very soon. So this is now a perturbation among the Earthian that how will survive in next 2 degree Celsius.

What Earth would look like from space if carbon emissions were visible to the human eye? If carbon dioxide real time emissions were visible to everyone, society would come to realize to a much greater extent what the source of the climate change problem is. One ton of carbon-di-oxide gas would fill a sphere 33 feet across in one hour. If the New York City?s emissions all emerged at the same place, this is the volume of gas that would come out after one year.

The question is, however, how to reduce CO2 emissions and, in the best case, stabilize or even decrease atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The relatively simple, still hard to implement answer is that it needs global joint efforts on multiple scales to reach this goal. Scientists, engineers, policy makers, and others are searching for ways to reduce the growing threat of climate change. There is no single solution they found but a new weapon is emerging to help us fight climate change, carbon sequestration, a process which becoming feasible to take carbon dioxide from power stations and industry, and lock it away safely before it can enter the atmosphere. The development of carbon capture and sequestration process has accelerated greatly in the last decade and may play an important role to address the climate change issue.

The term carbon sequestration is used to describe both natural and deliberate processes by which CO2 is either removed from the atmosphere or diverted from emission sources and stored in the ocean, terrestrial environments (vegetation, soils, and sediments), and geologic formations. Carbon sequestration describes the process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in a stable state. This process can be direct or indirect, and can be biological, chemical, geological, or physical in nature. When inorganic CO2 is sequestered directly by plants through photosynthesis or through chemical reactions in the soil, this process is often called carbon fixation. Biological processes that occur in soils, wetlands, forests, oceans, and other ecosystems can store CO2. These uptake mechanisms are sometimes called carbon sinks.There are three types of carbon sequestration process: Terrestrial, Oceanic and Geologic.

Terrestrial carbon sequestration (sometimes termed biological sequestration) is typically accomplished through forest and soil conservation practices that enhance the storage of carbon (such as restoring and establishing new forests, wetlands, and grasslands) or reduce CO2 emissions (such as reducing agricultural tillage and suppressing wildfires). The largest net uptake is due primarily to ongoing natural regrowth of forests that were harvested during the 19th and early 20th centuries. But the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester additional carbon is uncertain.

One of the most important terrestrial carbon sequestrations is right under our feet a strong contender in the fight against global warming. Soil, such precious resource, not only grows food but is one of the best methods we have for sequestering carbon. Scientists say that more carbon resides in soil than in the atmosphere and all plant life combined there are 2,500 billion tons of carbon in soil, compared with 800 billion tons in the atmosphere and 560 billion tons in plant and animal life.

So, why do focus more on soils at all? First is soil organic carbon is the biggest terrestrial carbon pool. Carbon stored in soil pools is less vulnerable to release through disturbances like fire or harvest removals and emission to the atmosphere then carbon that?s stored in above ground biomass, detritus or litter. In other words, plant growth is very much connected to soil carbon storage. Each grass blade and leaf acts like a tiny vacuum, sucking carbon out of the air and transforming it into the solid structure of the plants body. The more the plants grow, the more carbon they need–and the less carbon is left in the atmosphere to contribute to climate change.

The other two sequestration of carbon e.g. oceanic carbon sequestration occurs naturally through chemical reactions between seawater and CO2 in the atmosphere and geologic sequestration begins with capturing CO2 from the exhaust of fossil fuel power plants and other major sources through pipes. But these two is still poorly understood as because oceanic carbon sequestration has adverse effect on marine ecosystems and geologic sequestration process is costly.

Thus can say from a global perspective, it can seem that the future holds not only my own death but a second, larger death of the familiar earth as we are living in an emission world. In this realm carbon sequestration is a win-win-win strategy. Through its numerous co-benefits, it mitigates climate disruption, adapt to climate change and improve the environment. So you plant a single tree every year, nature will store 2.6 ton carbon annually from there and you will live more 10 years than before.