Multidimensional problems that the wild lands and the indigenous groups of Mesoamerica face. this is a  tight relation between human and nature, which has formed over the years a unique cultural identity in different parts of Mesoamerica, It?s  a relationship between  theological part and faith with the nature and all the component elements . - the jaguar  still is a  god for the mixteca and zapoteca? ideology from the indigenous people and for the others is only one animal more in the circus. the great mountains like popocatepetl, iztacihuatl, Pico de orizaba are perpetual figure of the great warriors of memorable times, the indigenous people can see in this wilderness lands their own cultural reflection. the challenges of the preservation of Mesoamerica?s wild lands in conjunction with the loss of cultural identity, for there?s an intrinsic connection between high biological value zones and high cultural value zones, both of them are at risk due to anthropogenic actions, reason enough to focus this paper on the various actions available to combat and mitigate environmental degradation with an axis vector, which is the legal protection accomplished trough effective regulation, emphasizing the high impact that can generate the proper implementation of legal models with a multicultural approach in protecting the wilderness and the cultural landscape with all the indigenous individuals actively implementing the diverse ancestral knowledge of the Mesoamerican ethnic plurality to ensure the perpetuity of wild lands and strengthen the bond with indigenous groups. There are at least two ways to conserve the biodiversity and the wilderness lands in Mexico:

 One that confines the wildlife areas identified in a sea of ​​industrial agriculture moors and other ancient that comes from a long tradition of human intervention whose patterns of resource use have fostered, and maintained biodiversity benefited. This thesis underlies Article 8 paragraph J of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) relating to the uses and traditional knowledge of indigenous and "locals.

Is necessary to analyze the indigenous people territories as priorities for the conservation and development. In effect, the cultures of indigenous peoples as "ecosystems peoples" have had a long-term cultural practice with the environment.

The techniques used are low risk, so that even infrequent or extraordinary events, such as a sequence of several years of extreme drought, or floods, do not destroy the ecological heritage. This type of positive relationship with the long-term nature is call real conservation. Real conservation of indigenous territories relates to resilient systems, provided long-term conditions permit. In times of exacerbation of globalization, ecosystem resilience in indigenous territories is questioned.

It is very common in areas of long cultural tradition producers have plots with different species or varieties, although conventional agricultural technicians insist that with the use of high yielding varieties can derive greater economic benefits.

 

 Risk reduction is valuable assets in traditional cultures are common and pay with a decrease in yields. For these and other reasons, indigenous communities in areas of traditional cultures, as Mesoamerica and the Andes, have sheltered diverse landscapes, species and genetic variability.

(This concept was developed by Kirchhoff in 1943 , from  Clark Wissler and Eduard Seler considerations . The main features considered of the Mesoamerican peoples are:

1) use of a cane planter ,

2) maize and its transformation into Nixtamal with the use of lime, and then mass .

3) The paper production and mead from maguey (el pulque)

4) flagellation practice and human sacrifices for religious purpose

 5) cocoa ,

 6) construction of step pyramids as foundation of the temples

 7) ball game practice

8) edged weapons manufacturing stone

 9) writing

 10) hierarchical society

 Mesoamerica includes five geographic areas in Mexico :  Mesoamerica

extends to Central America ( Guatemala , Belize, and part of Nicaragua , Salvador , Honduras and Costa Rica)

indigenous peoples consider biodiversity as a resource for their survival and development, Mesoamerican communities have become main part of the Earth's biological heritage.

However, in recent decade,  industrialization policies about agriculture and rural development called tried to encourage production by high-throughput techniques, establishing a central productive specialization strategy scale .

This approach does not incorporate in its design environmental risk (soil degradation , water access or pollution) , social and maybe economic .

we can say that industrial agriculture of the green revolution reduces genetic diversity of species and their varieties, and impairs the ability to provide environmental services of agroecosystems. The areas of low biodiversity, as the Bajio or La Laguna , were favored by these policies. High biodiversity areas in southern Mexico were marginalized.

 A site policy should be explicit responsibility to the nation for the conservation and development of biodiversity and agro-biodiversity

we have an empirical knowledge of millions of farmers, this responsibility takes an specific dimension with the indigenous people

Given the complexity of the biodiversity means, there are several approaches and possible approaches to the protection, approaches that rely on conservation objectives:

1) The genetic approach. The conservation strategy for preserving some genetic characteristics is a limited option for certain species. This approach could provide information essential to the success or otherwise of rare or endangered species. It is also useful for identifying conservation priorities related domesticated species with wild relatives, especially those where the suspected genetic vulnerability. Maize.

2) The species approach. The drive to generate policies for the biodiversity conservation has been the idea of ​​number of species per area. Often are selected conservation priorities species using criteria such as the "flagship species", "species in danger of extinction" or "threatened", for example. This selection can skew and significantly restrict conservation policies, as it is done without understanding ecosystem dynamics or communities.

 

3) ecosystemic approach. This approach, little knows the dynamics of natural areas conservation of flow and exchange their genetic and evolutionary processes. Once classified habitats or ecosystems and their size is defined not only protect endangered species, but also the overall species diversity. In addition, evolutionary processes and protect environmental services that these systems provide.

This approach does not necessarily require knowledge of the complete cycles of biological and geophysical interactions that allow them to survive, but has difficulties in defining and methodologically cut natural ecosystems and their protection boundaries.

4) The biocultural approach . The Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the ecosystemic approach to address three objectives, which should be strictly enforced in all geographical areas :

 

a) regional conservation of biodiversity

b ) sustainable use of its components

c ) fair and equitable use of genetic resources .

To this end , the Conference of Parties maintains that it is necessary to develop bioregional planning systems at appropriate scales, from social groups that inhabit and live with the biodiversity.

Ecosystems are not isolated biological units, the human is a component of the ecosystem. The concept of biodiversity involves genes, species, populations , communities and ecosystems and vital ecosystem services . However, the study of each of these aspects has grown over time and at different rates and has been fragmented or specialized in the disciplines of biology

Paradoxically , the concept of conservation and development and their different approaches come from disciplines other than the biological . Human presence in all ecosystems and vital parts requires an approach to them as complex systems that realize contour relations each of the subsystems that compose it.

Thus,  ecosystems acquire a different dimension as its future has been modified by human intervention systems. Today we are facing a paradigm shift in which conservation is considered all the components of a given landscape who are integrated , so that natural areas protected and unprotected form a functional unit, with an integrated view, taking into account not only the priorities requiring biological conservation, but places them in cultural terms , political, social, economic and ethical factors that meet basic human needs, for that reason, in all Mesoamerica it?s necessary to take actions with all the plural components, as like the ethical pressures.

Mexico it? a wonderful place, it? one of the most megadiversity country in the world and it?  a pluri-ethnical place,  However, this notion has had little impact on the social and political sphere, unless we take into account the natural protected areas. Mexico has, on the one hand, the enormous responsibility of preserving this wealth and on the other, the challenge of incorporating this megabiodiversity as one of the pivots of development. Large territories of indigenous peoples are carriers of this megabiodiversity. In this sense, combined with anthropological knowledge, several biologists and agronomists have developed an important discipline: ethno-ecology

benefits of conservation work with indigenous peoples in Mexico

With conservation have kept alive the ecosystems and landscapes for long periods. Indigenous peoples with Mesoamerican culture have "co-evolved" with the flora and fauna, participating in cultural feat tame the various species that make up 15.4 percent of the global food system..

Policy conservation as a new approach to the Mexican countryside, prevents the loss of social, cultural and ecological central

Do not stop the evolutionary process of domestication, diversification and adaptation of species to new environmental conditions, especially in the context of global climate change

The land area of the country is 196.4 million hectares

25,387,972 hectares are the federal areas protected in the country.

1 988 749 hectares are part of the territories of indigenous peoples. That is, at this time there is no specific procedure that elevates some category of protection to millions of acres that are indigenous peoples. PAs have a set of variants that do not always achieve the conservation and integration of local populations in the management of the same. Sometimes, the polygons of these areas have remained on paper or no resources to exercise protection.